Gambling is an activity in which an individual risks something of value (money, property or life) against the hope of winning a prize. While most people who gamble do so for recreational reasons and experience no adverse consequences, a small proportion of individuals become excessively involved in gambling and continue to gamble despite substantial and persistent negative social, family and financial effects. These individuals may be classified as having a pathological gambling disorder.
Over half the population of the UK takes part in some form of gambling activity. For some, it is an enjoyable pastime, but for others, it can harm their physical and mental health, strain relationships and hinder work performance, leading to debt and even homelessness. Problem gambling is also linked to a number of suicides every year, according to Public Health England.
Understanding why some people develop problems is a key aspect of reducing the impact of gambling. There is now a growing role for the evaluation of gambling behaviors within general medical settings, alongside screening for and treatment of substance use disorders.
However, assessing gambling behavior in primary care is not easy. There is no standard definition, and a wide variety of perspectives on the nature of gambling and its risk. These differ between research scientists, psychiatrists and other treatment care clinicians, and the public. These diverse views are influenced by a variety of factors, including the personal experiences of individuals and their families, professional training, and world view.
Moreover, there is little agreement on whether pathological gambling should be considered an addictive disorder. It is argued that pathological gambling should be included in the DSM because it shares features with other addictions, such as drug and alcohol abuse and nicotine dependence. The prevailing opinion is that, like other substances of abuse, pathological gambling can be compulsive and self-destructive and lead to psychological distress.
The first step to overcoming gambling addiction is acknowledging that you have a problem. This is a tough step, especially if you’ve already lost money or strained relationships as a result of your habit. It’s important to find support to help you cope. Try reaching out to friends and family, joining a book club or sports team, or volunteering for a good cause. You could also consider a peer support group such as Gamblers Anonymous, which follows a 12-step recovery program modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous.